Explanation

Recent technology has made it possible to accurately scan objects into a computer in three dimensions. Two separate systems are being used to accomplish this task. The first is a laser digitizer, which is designed to make an exact model of an object by reflecting laser light off of the outside surface to measure it. The second process is called Computed Tomography (CT) which can make measurements of the inside of an object, or of surfaces obscured by a covering. A CT scanner is basically an X-Ray device that scans the object from all angles and records the density and thickness of the materials much like taking a normal X-Ray of the human body.

History

Both devices were originally designed for manufacturing. Laser scanners were developed to input parts directly into CAD programs for manipulation and analyzing. CT scanners were developed to inspect the internal side of mechanical parts and later adapted for medical purposes as the CAT scan, which can take cross-sectional scans of the human body and locate anomalies.

Links

Computed Tomography and Archaeology http://archaeology.huji.ac.il/ct/testct.htm
Prism - 3D scanning http://www.quantapoint.com/capabilities/accesslaserscanning/prism3dlaserscanning
Digibotics - Laser Digitizing Systems Manufacturers

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Digibot II, Digibotic's general purpose, portable, laser digitizing system

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Dogskull three dimensional image scanned in with the Digibot II

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CT scanner image of a mummy's skull